Abstract:    This study examined the importance of natural resources and their role in sustainable rural development in the provinces of Kiffa and Kenkousa in Mauritania. The aim of this study is to achieve the set of objectives, the most important of which is to identify the most important natural ingredients to help develop the rural field in some Mauritanian states, and to know the importance of natural resources therein. Rural constraints and proposed solutions. One of the main findings of the study is that it showed great importance to the natural resources in the provinces of Kifa and Kenkousa in Mauritania.